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3rd GRADE : SOCIAL STUDIES : OUR UNIVERSE

In the day time we see the sun. It is a star. Like all stars, it has its ow light and gives out heat. The stars, the sun, the moon, and other heavenly bodies are found in the sky. All these together form our universe.

There are thousands of stars gathered together in groups in the universe. Each group of stars along with dust and gases forms a galaxy. There are many galaxies in the universe. We live in the galaxy known as the Milky Way.

The Solar System
The sun is the center of the solar system. Besides the sun, there are objects called the planets. They are very large , almost spherical and move around the sun. The planets do not have light or heat of their own. They only reflect the light from the sun. Our Earth is a planet.

There are eight planets that move around the sun . These planets in the order of increasing distance from the sun are : 
Mercury , Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Each planet travels on its own path around the sun. This path is called an orbit. Six of these planets - Earth , Mars, Jupitor, Saturn ,Uranus and Neptune have smaller, spherical objects called moons that move around them. The Earth has one moon. We see it in the night sky. Mercury and Venus do not have any moons.

The sun, the eight planets and their moons ,together form the solar system.

The Planets

Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. It is too hot to support any form of life.

Venus is the second planet in the solar system. It is the hottest and the brightest planet. This planet shines brightly in the evening and the morning sky. Therefore, it is called the evening star or the morning star .

The Earth is the third planet from the sun .It is the only planet known to support life. The surface of the Earth is made up of land and water. Our planet is surrounded by air. The Earth receives the light amount of heat and light from the sun to support life.

Mars is the fourth planet . It looks reddish and is hence called the Red Planet.

Jupiter is the fifth planet . It is the largest planet in the solar system.

Saturn is the sixth planet. This is the second largest planet in the solar system.

Uranus is the seventh planet. It is the third largest planet in the solar system.

Neptune is the eighth planet. It is the fourth largest planet in the solar system. It is blue in colour.

DID YOU KNOW..
Pluto which was earlier considered as the ninth planet , is no longer listed among planets. It is now a dwarf planet and is given a number.

All these planets are made up of dust, rocks and gases. The moon of each planet is called a satellite. Moons do not have any light of their own. They reflect the light from the sun . So far, scientists have discovered that their is life only on the planet Earth.

KEYWORDS
galaxy : a collection of stars, gas and dust

orbit :  the path of a planet or moon around a star or planet, such as the sun or the Earth

planet : a heavenly body that moves around the sun

universe : vast, endless space where all the stars , planets and other heavenly objects are found

LET US RECALL
*   The stars, the sun , the moon and other heavenly bodies are         found in the universe.
*    Thousands of stars grouped together along with dust and           gases from a galaxy.
*    Stars have their own light and heat.
*    Our solar system is in the galaxy called the Milky Way.
*   The sun along with the eight planets and their moons                  (satelites) from the solar system.
*   The sun is the ball of burning gases.
*   The planets and satellites have no light or heat of their own.

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