Study Material for Kindergarten and Primary school students

Work is done when an object moves over a distance on applying force. For example, if you move a pencil , work is done , but even after applying lots of force , if you are not able to move table, no work is done.

Force  : Force is needed to pull or push something. Eg a bull pull a cart because it applies force. Thus , force can make things speed up, slow down, or change direction. Types of force: Muscular force Gravitational force Magnetic force Frictional force Muscular force : what happens when you pedal your bicycle? The cycle moves. Your muscles apply force to the pedals. Force applied by muscles is called muscular force. Gravitational force : when we throw a ball up in the air, it slows down and then falls to the ground. Fruits from a tree always fall to the ground . This is because the Earth pull everything towards its centre.  The Force of the Earth that pulls everything towards itself is called gravitational force or gravity. Magnetic force: the magnet pulls iron objects towards itself , which then stick to the magnet .  This pull of the magnet is called magnetic force. Frictional force : a bicycle has hand brakes on both wheels. When brakes are applied, they rub ag

1)  ____________ are the sense organs for hearing. 2) ______________ is the country that is home to the Great Sphinx and Pyramids. 3) ______________ is the study of electricity. 4) An _____________is a worm that is beneficial to the soil. 5)  The ____________is the largest Living land animal. 6)  The ____________ is a famous iron tower constructed in Paris in 1889. 7)  A reflection of sound is called an __________. 8) An __________is a long snake - like fish with smooth, slimy skin. 1) Ears 2) Egypt 3) Electrology 4) Earthworm 5) Elephant 6) Eiffel 7) Echo 8) Eel

1)  A barrier that contains the flow of water is called a _______. 2)  A ____________ contains words that are arranged alphabetically and gives meaning and pronunciation. 3)  A small dog with a long body and short legs that is sometimes called a sausage dog is a ___________. 4)  The remains of something that has been destroyed and broken is called _______________. 5)  The capital of India is___________. 6) ______________   _____________ is England's most famous football player. 7)  An arid region with little or no vegetation is called a______. 8)  A domestic animal that most people keep as a pet is a __________. 1)Dam  2) dictionary 3) dachshund 4) debris  5)Delhi  6)David Beckham  7)desert  8)dog

#     Mount Everest is named after Welsh surveyor and geographer George Everest. #     Octopus wrestling was a popular sport in the 1960's. #     India produces 70% of the world's spices. #     Flamingos can eat only when their head is upside down. #     Bamboo is the fastest growing woody plant in the world. #     Strawberry is the only fruit that bears its seeds on the outside. #      Unlike the Earth , Venus has thick Clouds of sulphur dioxide while Jupiter and Saturn have Clouds of ammonia.

1)  A ______________ is the only mammal that can fly. 2)  The ______________ is known as the common man's fruit due to its availability and nutritious value. 3) A ______________ is a piece of soft material that is used for dressing and binding wounds. 4)  _____________ is a method that studies nature's best ideas and imitates these designs and processes to solve human problems. 5) _____________ is the current US President. 6) The _____________ is the national tree of India. 7)  ______________ is a fictional character who is a superhero. 8)  ______________ is the fear of books. 9)  ______________ is another world for a hairdresser. 10) ______________ is the German city which was divided by a wall after World Warll. 1) Bat 2) Banana 3) Bandage 4) Biomimicry 5) Barak Obama 6) Banyan Tree 7) Batman 8) Bibliophobia 9) Barber 10) Berlin

1)  The continent that India is part of is ____________. 2)  An ___________ is a small insect , which can be found all over the world. 3)  If you are not present in school, you will be marked __________. 4)  An ______________ a day keeps the doctor away. 5)  An _____________ is a form of life assumed to exist outside the Earth or on other planets. 6)  The southernmost continent on the Earth is __________. 7)  When you accomplish something great you receive an __________. 8)  _________________ is a famous scientist who invented the telephone. 9)  ________________ is a place that was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci. ( Hint : The place sounds like Amerigo) 10) If you are in a foreign country, you are _________________. 1) Asia 2) Ant 3) Absent 4) Apple 5) Allen 6) Antarctica 7) Award 8) Alexander Graham Bell 9) America 10) Abroad

* Rats multiply so quickly that in 18 months, two rats could have over a million descendants. * Dolphins sleep with one eye open. * Iceland and the Faroe Islands are the only countries in the world where there are no mosquitoes. * 7.5 million toothpicks can be made out a single cord of wood. A cord of wood measures 4 ft× 4ft×8ft. * It is impossible for pigs to look up into the sky. * Like fingerprints, people's tounge prints are also different. * The strongest muscle on the human body is the tounge. * Camels have three eyelids to protect their eyes from blowing sand. * Wearing headphones for just an hour will increase the bacteria in your ears by 700 times. * In the course of average lifetime , you will eat 70 assorted insects and 10 spiders while sleeping. * Most lipstick contains fish scales.

#      Living things need food, water, air, and a place to live. #       Living things move on their own . #       Living things grow . #       Living things die . #       Living things produce young ones . #       Living things respond to stimuli . #       Non- Living things do not need food, water, air and a place to live . They do not move , grow, produce young ones, or respond to stimuli.

Spiracles : tiny holes on the body of an insect that help in                        breathing Stomata : tiny pores present mostly on the leaves through                      which plants take in and give out air Stimulus : anything that causes a response Response : reaction to a stimulus

Plastered : covered completely  Calculation : using numbers to find out or measure                           Something Instrument : tools used for measuring something Cannon : a large, heavy gun ,usually on wheels Heavenly bodies : the sun, moon, stars, planets

1.     A - To reach a place.          ARRIVE 2.     D - A period of ten years.         DECADE 3.    E - A lengthy poem about heroism, significant to a culture         Or nation.         EPIC 4.     F - A moral story whose characters are animals.          FABLE 5.     L - The imaginary lines parallel to the equator.          LATITUDE 6.     M - An animal with a long tail, likes to jump and lives in          the jungle.         MONKEY 7.     P - A trick.          PRANK 8.     R - To cut crops.         REAP 9.     Y - The day before today.         YESTERDAY 10.   Z - A pedestrian crossing marked with broad white           Stripes.         ZEBRA- CROSSING

Q)  What pases through the middle of India? A)  The Tropic of Cancer pases through the middle of India. Q)  Name the continent in which India lies? A)  India lies in the continent of Asia. Q)  Which is the seventh largest desert in the world? A)  The Thar Desert is the seventh largest desert in the world. Q)  What is a peninsula? A)  A peninsula is a triangular piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides. Q)  Which are the three major rivers that make the Indo-Ganga, and the Brahmaputra make the Indo- Gangetic plain fertile. Q)  Why is India special? A)  India is special because it has mountains, hills, desert, forests , dateaus, island and long costline.

Q)   Name the treaty signed by India and Bangladesh in 1972. A)  A " Treaty of Friendship and Peace " was signed by India          and Bangladesh in 1972. Q)  What is the main occupation of the people in Bangladesh? A)   Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in                    Bangladesh. Q)   Name the strait that separates Sri Lanka from India. A)   The Palk strait separates Sri Lanka from India. Q)   Describe the country of Bhutan. A)  1) Bhutan is located at the eastern end of the Himalayas.       2) It is bordered on the south , east and west by India.           and on the North by China.        3) The citizens of India and Bhutan can travel to each                  others countries without passport or visa.       4) Thimpu is the capital of Bhutan.

For thousands of years, people believed that the Earth was flat. In fact , they were afraid that if they travelled to the ends of the Earth, they might fall off its edges. In recent times , astronauts have taken pictures of the Earth from the space. These clearly show that the Earth is round. Shaped like a giant ball, it is made of land and water. The Earth is made up of 71 per cent water and 29 per cent lang. It is surrounded by a layer of air called the ATMOSPHERE. Water is found in oceans, rivers, and lakes, as well as underground . life is possible on the Earth because of this water and also because of the air that surrounds it. Living things are found both on land and in water. HORIZON When we look out at a distance from a great night, the Earth appears to touch the sky. The point at revolution Earth and the sky seem to meet is called the horizon. MOVEMENTS Of THE EARTH The Earth spins around an imaginary line running through its centre. This line is called the Earth&

Can you guess along with Smarty the names of these leaves? They have a significant impact on our lives. 1.     Herbal Drink                                             TEA 2.     Cures Jaundice                                          PEEPAL 3.     Cures Measles                                           NEEM 4.     High Nutritional Value                          SPINACH 5.     Adds flavour                                             MINT 6.    'Enhance' cooking                                    CORIANDER 7.     The Oily Leaves                                        EUCALYPTUS 8.     Plates or decorative elements             BANANA 9.     Also Known as 'sarso'.                            MUSTARD

                    Where's the time ? Once there was a boy named Rakshit who wanted to play all the time. His mother was tired of telling him to do his homework. Every evening , after school, Rakshit would play until it grew dark. One morning, instead of going to school, Rakshit went to a nearby field. " I hope I find someone to play with, " he said to himself. "Ah! There's a farmer." " Good morning, Uncle. Will you play with me?" Asked Rakshit. " Not now, I am busy sowing seeds, " replied the farmer. " Can't you do that some other time? " said Rakshit. The farmer shook his head. " The rainy season is coming, " he explained, " and I have to sow the seeds before that. If I am late , the seedlings will not sprout. Then I will have no food." Rakshit looked around for someone else with whom he could play. Observing some black ants scurrying about, he said hopefully, " Hello! Would you lik

Q)  What are animals such as the wolf , that eat          only other animals , called ?  A)  Animals that eat only other animals are called        Carnivores. Q)  Why are sparrows called omnivores ? A)   Sparrows eat plant seeds and animals like                   snakes , lizards etc . Hence they are called                   omnivores. Q)  What do frogs and toads eat ? A)  Frogs and toads eat insects. Q)  Why do cows have wide teeth ? A)  Cows have wide teeth to chew the plants. Q)  How do sharp teeth help sharks ? A)  Sharp teeth in sharks help them to kill other             fishes.

In the day time we see the sun. It is a star. Like all stars, it has its ow light and gives out heat. The stars, the sun, the moon, and other heavenly bodies are found in the sky. All these together form our universe . There are thousands of stars gathered together in groups in the universe. Each group of stars along with dust and gases forms a galaxy . There are many galaxies in the universe. We live in the galaxy known as the Milky Way . The Solar System The sun is the center of the solar system. Besides the sun, there are objects called the planets . They are very large , almost spherical and move around the sun. The planets do not have light or heat of their own. They only reflect the light from the sun. Our Earth is a planet. There are eight planets that move around the sun . These planets in the order of increasing distance from the sun are :  Mercury , Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Each planet travels on its own path around the sun. This pa

                             Rishi's Adventure Rishi was waiting for his mother to pick him up from his music  class."How can Mummy be so late today?" Rishi thought  impatiently." Has she forgotten that we are going to the acrobatics show?" Just then a car stopped near him. A man learned out of the  window. "He , Rishi," he called. Rishi had seen the man once or twice  near his music class but he didn't know his name. "I,m Vikas," said the man , putting out his hand through the  window. "Your mother couldn't come , so she sent me to pick you up,"  said the man. Rishi was surprised. He had no idea that his  mother knew this man. "Don't worry, I won't kidnap you," the man laughed. Rishi smiled faintly, uncomfortable that the man had guessed  what he was thinking. Rishi shook hands but did not get into the car. He thought to  himself," When Mummy gets held up , she usu

                               MIRROR IMAGE Bruno and Timmy were two pups. One day , Bruno and Timmy found a yellow ball. Each tried to catch it in his mouth , but the ball kept slipping out. Bruno and Timmy played with the ball  every day. They would run after it and kick it and the ball  would roll far away . One evening , it rolled into a strange- house. The pups had heard that the house was full of mirrors , but  they did not know what a mirror was or what it looked  like. Bruno was scared to enter the house and stood outside .  Timmy ran into the house and , to his surprise , found many  pups inside. All of them looked just like him - black and white, with short tails . "They want to take my ball from me ," thought Timmy . He  barked at the pups . The pups barked back at him. Timmy  said to himself," These dogs have no manners . They bark so rudely. And their angry eyes and bared teeth make them seem like mansters." "G

1.  bat               1) a piece of wood with a handle for hitting                      the ball in games like cricket             2) a small animal with wings that flies at                          night a.  Can you see the bat flying near that tree?   2 b.  She hit the ball hard with the new bat. .......... 2.  Free               1) not in a cage or prison                2) costing nothing a.   You don't have to pay for the book. It's free. ...... b.  I wish the animals in the zoo were free.  ....... 3.   Fine                1) well                2) money paid as punishment a.  The patient is fine now. He can stop the                medicine. ..... b.  If we park our car in the wrong place, we will       Have to pay a fine.  ..... 4.  Sign               1) a notice or a message                2) to write your name on something a.  Please sign on this line at the bottom of the page.       ....... b.  There was a 'Help Wanted' sign

 One day all the students were very excited as they were going for a picnic. The teacher called Arjun and said," Arjun, I appoint you as the monitor of the class. You must see that all the students behave properly. See that no one puts his/ her hand or head out of the window of the bus. And also remember to count the number of students while coming back." Arjun said,"Yes , ma'm. I" ll do as you say." At the picnic, all the children enjoyed and had fun. Then everyone sat in the bus to go back home. The teacher saw Arjun putting his head out of the window and peeping. She was very angry, So she scolded Arjun," How irresponsible you are, Arjun ! I made you the monitor and you yourself are breaking rules." Arjun bowed his head and said, " Sorry ma'm. But I was acting as per your instructions. I was looking out to see that no student is left behind." The teacher was very happy to know that Arjun was a good monitor.

Once there was a lazy king . He did not like to do any physical activity. As a result, he started staying ill. He called the royal doctor and said, "Give me some medicine to get well." The doctor knew that laziness was the main cause of the king's illness. So the doctor gave the big dumbbells to him and said, "Your Majesty, if you swing these magic balls in your hands every morning and evening for an hour, you will start getting cured". The king do so , not knowing that it was an exercise. Within few days , his body became fit.He thanked the doctor and asked the cure's secret. The doctor said," Your Majesty, the magic of this cure will last till you keep swinging these magic balls. The day you stop swinging them you will be I'll again. " The doctor had taught the king to keep fit without offending him.

Once there was a potter. He made beautiful earthen pots and had a good business. But sometimes people used to complain that his pots would break easily. So he prayed to the goddess and said, " Please make my pots unbreakable. I am fed up of hearing the customers complaints. The Goddess blessed him and said ," As you wish son!,"and she vanished . Now all the pots he made became unbreakable. Now there were no complaints. But the customers stopped buying new pots because their old pots were not breaking or getting damaged . Once again the potter prayed to the Goddess and said, " Please make my pots as before. I will never go against nature now." The Goddess fulfilled his wish. Once again the potter's business flourished as before. He had learnt very well that one should accept things as they are.

 One day all the students were very excited as they were going for a picnic. The teacher called Arjun and said," Arjun, I appoint you as the monitor of the class. You must see that all the students behave properly. See that no one puts his/ her hand or head out of the window of the bus. And also remember to count the number of students while coming back." Arjun said,"Yes , ma'm. I" ll do as you say." At the picnic, all the children enjoyed and had fun. Then everyone sat in the bus to go back home. The teacher saw Arjun putting his head out of the window and peeping. She was very angry, So she scolded Arjun," How irresponsible you are, Arjun ! I made you the monitor and you yourself are breaking rules." Arjun bowed his head and said, " Sorry ma'm. But I was acting as per your instructions. I was looking out to see that no student is left behind." The teacher was very happy to know that Arjun was a good monitor.

 One day all the students were very excited as they were going for a picnic. The teacher called Arjun and said," Arjun, I appoint you as the monitor of the class. You must see that all the students behave properly. See that no one puts his/ her hand or head out of the window of the bus. And also remember to count the number of students while coming back." Arjun said,"Yes , ma'm. I" ll do as you say." At the picnic, all the children enjoyed and had fun. Then everyone sat in the bus to go back home. The teacher saw Arjun putting his head out of the window and peeping. She was very angry, So she scolded Arjun," How irresponsible you are, Arjun ! I made you the monitor and you yourself are breaking rules." Arjun bowed his head and said, " Sorry ma'm. But I was acting as per your instructions. I was looking out to see that no student is left behind." The teacher was very happy to know that Arjun was a good monitor.

 One day all the students were very excited as they were going for a picnic. The teacher called Arjun and said," Arjun, I appoint you as the monitor of the class. You must see that all the students behave properly. See that no one puts his/ her hand or head out of the window of the bus. And also remember to count the number of students while coming back." Arjun said,"Yes , ma'm. I" ll do as you say." At the picnic, all the children enjoyed and had fun. Then everyone sat in the bus to go back home. The teacher saw Arjun putting his head out of the window and peeping. She was very angry, So she scolded Arjun," How irresponsible you are, Arjun ! I made you the monitor and you yourself are breaking rules." Arjun bowed his head and said, " Sorry ma'm. But I was acting as per your instructions. I was looking out to see that no student is left behind." The teacher was very happy to know that Arjun was a good monitor.

 One day all the students were very excited as they were going for a picnic. The teacher called Arjun and said," Arjun, I appoint you as the monitor of the class. You must see that all the students behave properly. See that no one puts his/ her hand or head out of the window of the bus. And also remember to count the number of students while coming back." Arjun said,"Yes , ma'm. I" ll do as you say." At the picnic, all the children enjoyed and had fun. Then everyone sat in the bus to go back home. The teacher saw Arjun putting his head out of the window and peeping. She was very angry, So she scolded Arjun," How irresponsible you are, Arjun ! I made you the monitor and you yourself are breaking rules." Arjun bowed his head and said, " Sorry ma'm. But I was acting as per your instructions. I was looking out to see that no student is left behind." The teacher was very happy to know that Arjun was a good monitor.

 One day all the students were very excited as they were going for a picnic. The teacher called Arjun and said," Arjun, I appoint you as the monitor of the class. You must see that all the students behave properly. See that no one puts his/ her hand or head out of the window of the bus. And also remember to count the number of students while coming back." Arjun said,"Yes , ma'm. I" ll do as you say." At the picnic, all the children enjoyed and had fun. Then everyone sat in the bus to go back home. The teacher saw Arjun putting his head out of the window and peeping. She was very angry, So she scolded Arjun," How irresponsible you are, Arjun ! I made you the monitor and you yourself are breaking rules." Arjun bowed his head and said, " Sorry ma'm. But I was acting as per your instructions. I was looking out to see that no student is left behind." The teacher was very happy to know that Arjun was a good monitor.

- The Doll's Festival, Mono- no - Sekku  ( Hinamatsuri) , takes place on march 3. -  Hinamatsuri ( hina means dolls and matsuri means festival ) is a time to pray for the health and well being of young girl. -  The dolls were originally made from straw and grass . -  The trend now is to display the dolls on the house and save them for the following years' festivals. -   The main dolls used in the displays are " Odairi - sama", a prince and "Ohina - sama" , a princess.

Write the following in short form. 1)  3rd July 1975                 -  03 / 07 / 1975 2)  25th November 2003  -  01 / 11 / 2003 3)  1st January 2007          - 01 / 01 / 2007 4)  13th March 2001          - 13 / 03 / 2001 5)  Your date of birth      -  6)  Independence day      - 26 / 01 / 2015 7)  Republic day                - 15 / 08 / 2015 8)  Gandhi jayanthi         -                          (write for current year) 9)  Christmas                    -                         ( write for current year) 10)New year                     -                          ( write for current year)

What will be the time ? 1 hour after 10 : 30   -      11:30 10 min before 1:20   -       1:10 20 min before 5:00   -       4: 40 15 min after 3:30      -       3:45 30 min after 4:00      -       4:30

 How long does it take ? Use the words given below :     Seconds    minutes        hours          days     months 1)  To drink a glass of water  - minutes 2)  To brush your teeth           - minutes 3 ) For the sun to rise              - hours 4)  To blink your eyes             - seconds 5)  To switch on the light      - seconds 6)  For a plant to grow          - days 7) To do your homework     - hours 8)  To eat your dinner           - minutes 9)  To have a bath                   - minutes 10) To pack your school bag- minutes

Compare the following with lighter or heavier A football is ( heavier ) than a pen . A pillow is ( lighter ) than a mattress . An orange is ( lighter ) than a watermelon . A cricket ball is ( heavier ) than a marble. A coat is ( heavier) than a shirt . A balloon is ( lighter ) than a book . A pen is ( heavier ) than a feather . A wheel is ( heavier ) than a button . A needle is ( lighter ) than a sword . A school bag is ( heavier ) than a pencil box .

1.  One Kilogram = 1000 grams . 2.  Half Kilogram = 500 grams . 3.  1 Kg =  1000 grams. 4.  5 Kg = 5000 grams . 5.  2 Kg = 2000 grams . 6.  3 kg = 3000 grams . 7.  7 kg = 7000 grams

       In gram              In kilograms 1)   Chips                   Rice 2)   Chocolat             Sugar 3)   Biscuits               Oil 4)   Nuts                     Fruits 5)   Pepper                Vegetables

  WRITE NUMERATOR AND DENOMINATOR  4/6 (   ) is numerator  (   ) is denominator 3/8 (    ) is numerator (    ) is denominator 6/9  (    ) is numerator (    ) is denominator 7/8  (     ) is numerato  (    ) is denominator 8/9  (     ) is numerator (    ) is denominator 3/5  (     ) is numerator (    ) is denominator 2/6  (     ) is numerator (    ) is denominator 1/2  (     ) is numerator (     ) is denominator 5/6   (    ) is numerator (     ) is denominator 1/6  (     ) is numerator (     ) is denominator